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physics.gen-ph2025★ 61 cited
Computational complexity of spin-glass three-dimensional (3D) Ising model
Zhidong Zhang
In this work, the computational complexity of a spin-glass three-dimensional (3D) Ising model (for the lattice size N = lmn, where l, m, n are the numbers of lattice points along t…
physics.gen-ph2025★ 19 cited
Mapping between Spin-Glass Three-Dimensional (3D) Ising Model and Boolean Satisfiability Problem
Zhidong Zhang
The common feature for a nontrivial hard problem is the existence of nontrivial topological structures, non-planarity graphs, nonlocalities, or long-range spin entanglements in a m…
physics.gen-ph2019★ 72 cited
Clifford algebra approach of 3D Ising model
Zhidong Zhang, Osamu Suzuki, Norman H. March
We develop a Clifford algebra approach for 3D Ising model. By utilizing some mathematical facts of the direct product of matrices and their trace, we expand the dimension of the tr…