SVI2LoD3: Agent-Driven Reconstruction of LoD3 Facade Openings in Semantic 3D City Models from Volunteered Street View Imagery using Large Language and Visual Models

Elmehdi Kanna, Lukas Arzoumanidis, Huynh Duc An Son Nguyen +1

This paper presents an end-to-end, agent-driven pipeline for the LoD3 reconstruction of facade openings in 3D city models, producing directly usable CityGML-conform outputs. In con…