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The Photon Dominated Region in the IC 348 molecular cloud
K. Sun, V. Ossenkopf, C. Kramer +4
In this paper we discuss the physical conditions of clumpy nature in the IC 348 molecular cloud. We combine new observations of fully sampled maps in [C I] at 492 GHz and 12CO 4--3…
A clumpy-cloud PDR model of the global far-infrared line emission of the Milky Way
M. Cubick, J. Stutzki, V. Ossenkopf +2
The fractal structure of the interstellar medium suggests that the interaction of UV radiation with the ISM as described in the context of photon-dominated regions (PDR) dominates…
Long-term observations of Uranus and Neptune at 90 GHz with the IRAM 30m telescope - (1985 -- 2005)
C. Kramer, R. Moreno, A. Greve
The planets Uranus and Neptune with small apparent diameters are primary calibration standards. We investigate their variability at ~90 GHz using archived data taken at the IRAM 30…
Clumpy photon-dominated regions in Carina. I. [CI] and mid-J CO lines in two 4'x4' fields
C. Kramer, M. Cubick, M. Roellig +31
The Carina region is an excellent astrophysical laboratory for studying the feedback mechanisms of newly born, very massive stars within their natal giant molecular clouds (GMCs) a…
Gravitational stability in the disk of M51
M. Hitschfeld, C. Kramer, K. F. Schuster +2
Star formation laws, like i.e. the Schmidt law relating star formation rate and total gas density, have been studied in several spiral galaxies but the underlying physics are not y…
A complete 12CO 2-1 map of M51 with HERA
C. Kramer, M. Hitschfeld, K. F. Schuster +2
The nearby, almost face-on, and interacting galaxy M51 offers an excellent opportunity to study the distribution of molecular gas and the mechanisms governing the star formation ra…