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cs.CL2026

SimpleOPD: Simple Tokenizer-Agnostic On-Policy Distillation for Long-Context Reasoning

Haonan He, Haodi Lei, Yun Luo +13

On-policy distillation (OPD) offers a promising way to transfer reasoning capabilities from stronger teacher models, but applying it to long-context reasoning teachers and short-co…

cs.CL2026

Draft-OPD: On-Policy Distillation for Speculative Draft Models

Haodi Lei, Yafu Li, Haoran Zhang +8

Speculative decoding accelerates large language model inference by pairing a target model with a lightweight draft model whose proposed tokens are verified in parallel. A common wa…

cs.CL2026

Teaching Thinking Models to Reason with Tools: A Full-Pipeline Recipe for Tool-Integrated Reasoning

Qianjia Cheng, Yuchen Zhang, Zhilin Wang +9

Tool-integrated reasoning (TIR) offers a direct way to extend thinking models beyond the limits of text-only reasoning. Paradoxically, we observe that tool-enabled evaluation can d…

cs.CL2026

New Skills or Sharper Primitives? A Probabilistic Perspective on the Emergence of Reasoning in RLVR

Zhilin Wang, Yafu Li, Shunkai Zhang +4

Whether Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) endows Large Language Models (LLMs) with new capabilities or merely elicits latent traces remains a central debate. In…

cs.CL2026

Characterizing, Evaluating, and Optimizing Complex Reasoning

Haoran Zhang, Yafu Li, Zhi Wang +4

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) increasingly rely on reasoning traces with complex internal structures. However, existing work lacks a unified answer to three fundamental questions:…