4 papers
Apple Intelligence Foundation Language Models
Tom Gunter, Zirui Wang, Chong Wang +152
We present foundation language models developed to power Apple Intelligence features, including a ~3 billion parameter model designed to run efficiently on devices and a large serv…
AXLearn: Modular, Hardware-Agnostic Large Model Training
Mark Lee, Chang Lan, Tom Gunter +34
AXLearn is a production system which facilitates scalable and high-performance training of large deep learning models. Compared to other state-of-art deep learning systems, AXLearn…
Learning to Reason as Action Abstractions with Scalable Mid-Training RL
Shenao Zhang, Donghan Yu, Yihao Feng +4
Large language models excel with reinforcement learning (RL), but fully unlocking this potential requires a mid-training stage. An effective mid-training phase should identify a co…
Apple Intelligence Foundation Language Models: Tech Report 2025
Ethan Li, Anders Boesen Lindbo Larsen, Chen Zhang +395
We introduce two multilingual, multimodal foundation language models that power Apple Intelligence features across Apple devices and services: i a 3B-parameter on-device model opti…