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physics.optics2021
Light and thermodynamics: the three-level laser as an endoreversible heat engine
Peter Muys
In the past, a number of heat engine models have been devised to apply the principles of thermodynamics to a laser. The best one known is the model using a negative temperature to…
physics.optics2021
Thermodynamics of a chemical reaction model for the atom-field interaction in a three-level laser
Peter Muys
The temporal evolution of the levels in a three-level laser is macroscopically described by a closed set of rate equations. Here, we complement this picture by providing a model wh…