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eess.SP2026

Toward a Lean Formalization of Analog Computing with Microwaves

Matteo Nerini, Xuekang Liu, Bruno Clerckx

Analog computing with microwave signals can perform linear transformations directly in the analog domain, as the signals propagate through a microwave network. A fundamental questi…

eess.SP2026

Finite-Resolution Microwave Linear Analog Computer (MiLAC)-Aided Multiuser Beamforming

Zheyu Wu, Bruno Clerckx

Large-scale antenna arrays are essential to future wireless networks but impose significant hardware and digital-processing burdens. The microwave linear analog computer (MiLAC) of…

eess.SP2026

Channel Estimation and Beamforming for Microwave Linear Analog Computers (MiLACs)-Aided Multiuser MISO Systems

Qiaosen Zhang, Matteo Nerini, Bruno Clerckx

Microwave linear analog computers (MiLACs) have recently gained attention for future gigantic multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems by enabling beamforming with greatly red…

eess.SP2026

Beamforming Design for Stem-Connected Microwave Linear Analog Computer (MiLAC)-Aided Multiuser MISO Downlinks

Yuchen Zhang, Zheyu Wu, Bruno Clerckx +1

A microwave linear analog computer (MiLAC) is a tunable microwave network that leverages wave propagation to perform computation directly in the analog domain. MiLAC finds promisin…

eess.SP2026

Lossy Microwave Linear Analog Computer (MiLAC) for Future MIMO: Learning-based Architecture Designs for Spectral and Energy Efficiency Maximization

Binggui Zhou, Bruno Clerckx

Microwave linear analog computers (MiLACs) offer a transformative paradigm for future multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems by shifting complex signal processing into the a…

eess.SP2026

Microwave Linear Analog Computer (MiLAC)-Aided MIMO Radar Sensing: Transmit Beamforming Design and DoA Estimation

Ziang Liu, Zheyu Wu, Bruno Clerckx

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar has waveform diversity and large spatial degrees of freedom (DoFs), making it attractive for high-resolution sensing. Scaling MIMO radar…

eess.SP2026

Hybrid Digital and Microwave Linear Analog Computer (MiLAC)-aided Beamforming for Multiuser MIMO-OFDM Systems

Yiyang Peng, Zheyu Wu, Bruno Clerckx

Microwave linear analog computing (MiLAC) has recently emerged as a promising architecture for analog-domain beamforming. In particular, a hybrid digital-MiLAC architecture was pro…

eess.SP2026

Joint Training Scattering Matrix Learning and Channel Estimation for Beyond-Diagonal Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces

Yiyang Peng, Binggui Zhou, Yutong Zheng +2

Beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) generalizes the conventional diagonal RIS (D-RIS) by introducing tunable inter-element connections, offering enhanced wa…

eess.SP2026

RIS-Aided RSMA Improves the Latency vs. Energy Trade-off in the Finite Block Length MIMO Downlink

Mohammad Soleymani, Bruno Clerckx, Robert Schober +1

We simultaneously minimize the latency and improve energy efficiency (EE) of the multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) rate splitting multiple access (RSMA) downlink,…

eess.SP2026

Active Beyond-Diagonal Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces: Modeling, Architecture Design, and Optimization

Shanpu Shen, Hongyu Li, Matteo Nerini +2

Beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (BD-RISs) are an emerging RIS 2.0 technology for future wireless communication. However, BD-RISs are primarily passive without a…

eess.SP2026

Analog Computing with Hybrid Couplers and Phase Shifters

Matteo Nerini, Xuekang Liu, Bruno Clerckx

Analog computing with microwave signals can enable exceptionally fast computations, potentially surpassing the limits of conventional digital computing. For example, by letting som…

eess.SP2026

On Channel Estimation for Group-Connected Beyond Diagonal RIS Assisted Multi-User MIMO Communication

Rui Wang, Junyuan Gao, Shuowen Zhang +2

Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) architectures offer superior beamforming gain over conventional diagonal RISs. However, the channel estimation overhead…

eess.SP2025

Fractional Programming and Manifold Optimization for Reciprocal BD-RIS Scattering Matrix Design

Marko Fidanovski, Iván Alexander Morales Sandoval, Kuranage Roche Rayan Ranasinghe +3

We investigate the problem of maximizing the sum-rate performance of a beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS)-aided multi-user (MU)-multiple-input single-outpu…