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Proton-air interaction properties at TeV from shower-depth measurements with the Pierre Auger Observatory and their connection to the Muon Puzzle
The Pierre Auger Collaboration, A. Abdul Halim, P. Abreu +347
Hybrid measurements at the Pierre Auger Observatory indicate that most high-energy hadronic interaction models underestimate the average depth of the shower maximum, $\langle X_{\m…
Precision cross-sections for advancing cosmic-ray physics. Input to the 2026 ESPPU from the XSCRC community
S. Mariani, L. Audouin, E. Berti +32
The latest generation of cosmic-ray direct detection experiments is providing a wealth of high-precision data, stimulating a very rich and active debate in the community on the rel…
Extraction of the Muon Signals Recorded with the Surface Detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory Using Recurrent Neural Networks
The Pierre Auger Collaboration, A. Aab, P. Abreu +370
The Pierre Auger Observatory, at present the largest cosmic-ray observatory ever built, is instrumented with a ground array of 1600 water-Cherenkov detectors, known as the Surface…
Measurement of the fluctuations in the number of muons in extensive air showers with the Pierre Auger Observatory
The Pierre Auger Collaboration, A. Aab, P. Abreu +365
We present the first measurement of the fluctuations in the number of muons in extensive air showers produced by ultrahigh energy cosmic rays. We find that the measured fluctuation…
Testing Hadronic Interactions at Ultrahigh Energies with Air Showers Measured by the Pierre Auger Observatory
The Pierre Auger Collaboration, A. Aab, P. Abreu +435
Ultrahigh energy cosmic ray air showers probe particle physics at energies beyond the reach of accelerators. Here we introduce a new method to test hadronic interaction models with…