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Inconsistency of the Wolf sunspot number series around 1848
R. Leussu, I. G. Usoskin, R. Arlt +1
Aims. Sunspot number is a benchmark series in many studies, but may still contain inhomogeneities and inconsistencies. In particular, an essential discrepancy exists between the tw…
Sunspot positions and sizes for 1825-1867 from the observations by Samuel Heinrich Schwabe
R. Arlt, R. Leussu, N. Giese +2
Samuel Heinrich Schwabe made 8486 drawings of the solar disk with sunspots in the period from November 5, 1825 to December 29, 1867. We have measured sunspot sizes and heliographic…
Occurrence Probability of Large Solar Energetic Particle Events: Assessment from Data on Cosmogenic Radionuclides in Lunar Rocks
Gennady A. Kovaltsov, Ilya G. Usoskin
We revisited assessments of the occurrence probability distribution of large events in solar energetic particles (SEP), based on measurements of cosmogenic radionuclides in lunar r…
The First Ground Level Enhancement Event of Solar Cycle 24: Direct Observation of Shock Formation and Particle Release Heights
N. Gopalswamy, H. Xie, S. Akiyama +3
We report on the 2012 May 17 Ground Level Enhancement (GLE) event, which is the first of its kind in Solar Cycle 24. This is the first GLE event to be fully observed close to the s…