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cs.CL2026

Policy Split: Incentivizing Dual-Mode Exploration in LLM Reinforcement with Dual-Mode Entropy Regularization

Jiashu Yao, Heyan Huang, Daiqing Wu +2

To encourage diverse exploration in reinforcement learning (RL) for large language models (LLMs) without compromising accuracy, we propose Policy Split, a novel paradigm that bifur…

cs.CL2026

Beyond Literal Mapping: Benchmarking and Improving Non-Literal Translation Evaluation

Yanzhi Tian, Cunxiang Wang, Zeming Liu +5

Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly advanced Machine Translation (MT), applying them to linguistically complex domains-such as Social Network Services, literature etc.…

cs.CL2026

Utilizing and Calibrating Hindsight Process Rewards via Reinforcement with Mutual Information Self-Evaluation

Jiashu Yao, Heyan Huang, Zeming Liu +1

To overcome the sparse reward challenge in reinforcement learning (RL) for agents based on large language models (LLMs), we propose Mutual Information Self-Evaluation (MISE), an RL…

cs.CL2026

MemEvolve: Towards Self-Evolving Agents via Co-Evolutionary Capability Expansion and Experience Distillation

Zihao Cheng, Zeming Liu, Yingyu Shan +7

While large language model--powered agents can self-evolve by accumulating experience or by dynamically creating new assets (i.e., tools or expert agents), existing frameworks typi…

cs.CL2025

PRIM: Towards Practical In-Image Multilingual Machine Translation

Yanzhi Tian, Zeming Liu, Zhengyang Liu +4

In-Image Machine Translation (IIMT) aims to translate images containing texts from one language to another. Current research of end-to-end IIMT mainly conducts on synthetic data, w…

cs.CL2025

HomeBench: Evaluating LLMs in Smart Homes with Valid and Invalid Instructions Across Single and Multiple Devices

Silin Li, Yuhang Guo, Jiashu Yao +2

Large language models (LLMs) have the potential to revolutionize smart home assistants by enhancing their ability to accurately understand user needs and respond appropriately, whi…