3 papers
cs.CL2026
The Mechanistic Emergence of Symbol Grounding in Language Models
Shuyu Wu, Ziqiao Ma, Xiaoxi Luo +4
Symbol grounding (Harnad, 1990) describes how symbols such as words acquire their meanings by connecting to real-world sensorimotor experiences. Recent work has shown preliminary e…
cs.CL2026
Pretraining Language Models on Historical Text
Xiaoxi Luo, Zachary Shinnick, Niclas Griesshaber +5
We introduce TypewriterLM, a 7.24B History language model (LM) trained exclusively on English text predating 1913. Developing History LMs requires addressing challenges in data qua…
cs.CL2025
Phonetic Reconstruction of the Consonant System of Middle Chinese via Mixed Integer Optimization
Xiaoxi Luo, Weiwei Sun
This paper is concerned with phonetic reconstruction of the consonant system of Middle Chinese. We propose to cast the problem as a Mixed Integer Programming problem, which is able…