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20242026
most citedLLMs learn governing principles of dynamical systems, revealing an in-context neural scaling law

6 citations · 6 across the 16 of their papers we have counts for

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cs.CL2026

Causal and Interpretable Structures in LLM Compositional Tasks

Gurbir Arora, Toni J. B. Liu, Jiajun Bao +2

Large language models are able to solve tasks whose answers depend on not only individual input tokens, but also on relations among them. How is such relational information represe…

cs.CL2026

What LLM Forecasters Know but Don't Say: Probing Internal Representations for Calibration and Faithfulness

Raphaël Sarfati, Pratyush Ranjan Tiwari, Siddharth Boppana +3

Large language models fine-tuned for forecasting can be accurate yet poorly calibrated, and their chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning may not faithfully reflect the evidence behind a…

cs.CL2026

Stories in Space: In-Context Learning Trajectories in Conceptual Belief Space

Eric Bigelow, Raphaël Sarfati, Daniel Wurgaft +5

Large Language Models (LLMs) update their behavior in context, which can be viewed as a form of Bayesian inference. However, the structure of the latent hypothesis space over which…

cs.CL2026

Reasoning Theater: Disentangling Model Beliefs from Chain-of-Thought

Siddharth Boppana, Annabel Ma, Max Loeffler +5

We provide evidence of performative chain-of-thought (CoT) in reasoning models, where a model becomes strongly confident in its final answer, but continues generating tokens withou…

cs.CL2026

The Shape of Beliefs: Geometry, Dynamics, and Interventions along Representation Manifolds of Language Models' Posteriors

Raphaël Sarfati, Eric Bigelow, Daniel Wurgaft +6

Large language models (LLMs) form implicit beliefs (posteriors over latent variables) from prompts, but we lack a mechanistic account of how these beliefs are encoded in representa…

cs.CL2026

Jacobian Scopes: token-level causal attributions in LLMs

Toni J. B. Liu, Baran Zadeoğlu, Nicolas Boullé +3

Large language models (LLMs) make next-token predictions based on clues present in their context, such as semantic descriptions and in-context examples. Yet, elucidating which prio…

cs.CL2025

What's in a prompt? Language models encode literary style in prompt embeddings

Raphaël Sarfati, Haley Moller, Toni J. B. Liu +2

Large language models use high-dimensional latent spaces to encode and process textual information. Much work has investigated how the conceptual content of words translates into g…