A Comparative Review of Parallel Exact, Heuristic, Metaheuristic, and Hybrid Optimization Techniques for the Traveling Salesman Problem

Rabab Alkhalifa, Fatima Alkhomayes, Boushra Almazroua +3

The Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is a well-known NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem with wide-ranging applications in logistics, routing, and intelligent systems. Due t…