Super-Eddington Growth Ceiling: Analytic Constraints on the Rapid Growth of Light-Seed Black Holes in Massive Clumps

Masaki Kiyuna

The existence of $\sim 10^{7-8}{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }$ supermassive black holes at $z\gtrsim 8$ challenges conventional growth channels. One attractive possibility is that light seeds ($M_{\…