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physics.comp-ph2026
The extended gas-kinetic theory from Pullin equation: the relaxation rates, transport coefficients and model equation
Sha Liu, Ningchao Ding, Ming Fang +4
The Borgnakke-Larsen model, widely used in rarefied flow predictions, serves as the mainstream energy-exchange kernel for polyatomic gases. However, it lacks integrability and does…
physics.flu-dyn2026
Phenomenological energy exchange of diatomic gases: Comparison of Pullin and Borgnakke-Larsen models in direct simulation Monte Carlo method
Hao Jin, Sha Liu, Ningchao Ding +4
In hypersonic rarefied flows, insufficient intermolecular collisions cause significant deviations between translational and rotational temperatures, leading to strong thermal noneq…