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20242026
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cs.CL2026

Translate-R1: Cost-Aware Translation Tool Use via Reinforcement Learning

Pratik Jayarao, Chaitanya Dwivedi, Himanshu Gupta +5

The performance gap across languages in LLMs is well documented, and closing it natively requires pretraining or fine-tuning on corpora that, for most languages, are quite limited.…

cs.CL2026

Mitigating Lost in Multi-turn Conversation via Curriculum RL with Verifiable Accuracy and Abstention Rewards

Ming Li, Pei Chen, Zhenhao Zhang +10

Large Language Models demonstrate strong capabilities in single-turn instruction following but suffer from Lost-in-Conversation (LiC), a degradation in performance as information i…

cs.CL2026

POPI: Personalizing LLMs via Optimized Natural Language Preference Inference

Yizhuo Chen, Xin Liu, Ruijie Wang +7

Large language models (LLMs) are typically aligned with population-level preferences, despite substantial variation across individual users. We introduce POPI, a user-level persona…

cs.CL2026

Stepwise Penalization for Length-Efficient Chain-of-Thought Reasoning

Xintong Li, Sha Li, Rongmei Lin +10

Large reasoning models improve with more test-time computation, but often overthink, producing unnecessarily long chains-of-thought that raise cost without improving accuracy. Prio…

cs.CL2025

Aligning Large Language Models with Implicit Preferences from User-Generated Content

Zhaoxuan Tan, Zheng Li, Tianyi Liu +10

Learning from preference feedback is essential for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human values and improving the quality of generated responses. However, existing prefe…

cs.CL2025

IHEval: Evaluating Language Models on Following the Instruction Hierarchy

Zhihan Zhang, Shiyang Li, Zixuan Zhang +11

The instruction hierarchy, which establishes a priority order from system messages to user messages, conversation history, and tool outputs, is essential for ensuring consistent an…