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20172026
most citedGetting pwn'd by AI: Penetration Testing with Large Language Models

126 citations · 179 across the 16 of their papers we have counts for

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12 papers · 1 filter

cs.CR2026

The Ethics of Autonomous AI Agents for Offensive Security

Andreas Happe, Jürgen Cito, Jasmin Wachter

LLM-driven autonomous agents are reshaping offensive security. Unlike traditional penetration-testing tooling - deterministic, narrowly scoped, and operated by trained practitioner…

cs.CR2026

Cochise: A Reference Harness for Autonomous Penetration Testing

Andreas Happe, Jürgen Cito

Recent work on LLM-driven autonomous penetration testing reports promising results, but existing systems often bundle architectural, prompting, and tool-integration choices togethe…

cs.CR2026

Enhancing Linux Privilege Escalation Attack Capabilities of Local LLM Agents

Benjamin Probst, Andreas Happe, Jürgen Cito

Cloud-based Large Language Models (LLMs) can perform autonomous penetration-testing sub-tasks such as Linux privilege escalation, but raise security, privacy, and sovereignty conce…

cs.CR2026★ 1 cited

Can LLMs Hack Enterprise Networks? -- Replicated Computational Results (RCR) Report

Andreas Happe, Jürgen Cito

This is the Replicated Computational Results (RCR) Report for the paper ``Can LLMs Hack Enterprise Networks?" The paper empirically investigates the efficacy and effectiveness of d…

cs.CR2026

Towards Reliable Local Security Agents: Verifiable Post-Training for Linux Privilege Escalation

Philipp Normann, Andreas Happe, Jürgen Cito +1

LLM agents are becoming increasingly important in the security domain, but leading systems are often closed-source, cloud-based, hard to reproduce or use with sensitive code. This…

cs.CR2025★ 1 cited

On the Surprising Efficacy of LLMs for Penetration-Testing

Andreas Happe, Jürgen Cito

This paper presents a critical examination of the surprising efficacy of Large Language Models (LLMs) in penetration testing. The paper thoroughly reviews the evolution of LLMs and…

cs.CR2025

Recognition Without Mitigation: Ethical Frameworks in Autonomous Offensive-LLM Agent Research

Andreas Happe, Jürgen Cito

Large language models have moved from advising on offensive security to autonomously conducting it. A growing literature presents agents that execute reconnaissance, exploitation,…

cs.CR2025★ 2 cited

Benchmarking Practices in LLM-driven Offensive Security: Testbeds, Metrics, and Experiment Design

Andreas Happe, Jürgen Cito

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as a powerful approach for driving offensive penetration-testing tooling. Due to the opaque nature of LLMs, empirical methods are typicall…

cs.CR2025★ 10 cited

Can LLMs Hack Enterprise Networks? Autonomous Assumed Breach Penetration-Testing Active Directory Networks

Andreas Happe, Jürgen Cito

Enterprise penetration-testing is often limited by high operational costs and the scarcity of human expertise. This paper investigates the feasibility and effectiveness of using La…

cs.CR2024

Got Root? A Linux Priv-Esc Benchmark

Andreas Happe, Jürgen Cito

Linux systems are integral to the infrastructure of modern computing environments, necessitating robust security measures to prevent unauthorized access. Privilege escalation attac…

cs.CR2023★ 15 cited

LLMs as Hackers: Autonomous Linux Privilege Escalation Attacks

Andreas Happe, Aaron Kaplan, Juergen Cito

Penetration-testing is crucial for identifying system vulnerabilities, with privilege-escalation being a critical subtask to gain elevated access to protected resources. Language M…

cs.CR2017★ 4 cited

Advances in Security in Computing and Communications

Jaydip Sen, Javier Franco-Contreras, Gouenou Coatrieux +15

In the era of Internet of Things (IoT) and with the explosive worldwide growth of electronic data volume, and associated need of processing, analysis, and storage of such humongous…