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20242026
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cs.CL2026

MalruleLib: Large-Scale Executable Misconception Reasoning with Step Traces for Modeling Student Thinking in Mathematics

Xinghe Chen, Naiming Liu, Shashank Sonkar

Student mistakes in mathematics are often systematic: a learner applies a coherent but wrong procedure and repeats it across contexts. We introduce MalruleLib, a learning-science-g…

cs.CL2025

Training LLM-based Tutors to Improve Student Learning Outcomes in Dialogues

Alexander Scarlatos, Naiming Liu, Jaewook Lee +2

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to scale up personalized tutoring through large language models (LLMs). Recent AI tutors are adapted for the tutoring task…

cs.CL2025

CLEAR-3K: Assessing Causal Explanatory Capabilities in Language Models

Naiming Liu, Richard Baraniuk, Shashank Sonkar

We introduce CLEAR-3K, a dataset of 3,000 assertion-reasoning questions designed to evaluate whether language models can determine if one statement causally explains another. Each…

cs.CL2025

Do LLMs Make Mistakes Like Students? Exploring Natural Alignment between Language Models and Human Error Patterns

Naiming Liu, Shashank Sonkar, Richard G. Baraniuk

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in various educational tasks, yet their alignment with human learning patterns, particularly in predicting wh…

cs.CL2024

MalAlgoQA: Pedagogical Evaluation of Counterfactual Reasoning in Large Language Models and Implications for AI in Education

Naiming Liu, Shashank Sonkar, Myco Le +1

This paper introduces MalAlgoQA, a novel dataset designed to evaluate the counterfactual reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) through a pedagogical approach. The…

cs.CL2024

Student Data Paradox and Curious Case of Single Student-Tutor Model: Regressive Side Effects of Training LLMs for Personalized Learning

Shashank Sonkar, Naiming Liu, Richard G. Baraniuk

The pursuit of personalized education has led to the integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) in developing intelligent tutoring systems. To better understand and adapt to indiv…