Boltzmann Thermometry at Cryogenic Temperatures Exploiting Stark Sublevels in Er${}^{3+}$/Yb${}^{3+}$-Codoped Yttrium Oxide Nanoparticles

Thomas Possmayer, Allison R. Pessoa, Jefferson A. O. Galindo +4

The development of reliable luminescent nanothermometers for cryogenic applications is essential for advancing quantum technologies, superconducting systems, and other fields that…