Combining Direct Black Hole Mass Measurements and Spatially Resolved Stellar Kinematics to Calibrate the $M_{\mathrm{BH}}$-${\sigma }_{\star }$ Relation of Active Galaxies

Nico Winkel, Vardha N. Bennert, Raymond P. Remigio +8

The origin of the tight scaling relation between the mass of supermassive black holes (SMBHs; $M_{\mathrm{BH}}$) and their host-galaxy properties remains unclear. Active galactic nuclei…