22 citations · 47 across the 11 of their papers we have counts for
12 papers
Atmospheric diversity of sub-Neptunes from formation with rock, water, and soot
Caroline Dorn, Aaron Werlen, Sean Jordan
Recent JWST detections of CH4 and CO2 in sub-Neptune atmospheres point to a link between atmospheric composition and the nature of planetary building blocks - rock, water, or refra…
Ice Giants Revisited: Uranus and Neptune as Magma Ocean Worlds
Edward D. Young, Sarah P. Marcum, Aaron Werlen +1
Uranus and Neptune are commonly interpreted as volatile-rich "ice giants", an assumption that underpins most interior models. Here we show that their observed radii, bulk densities…
The Role of Formation Location in Shaping Sulfur-, Nitrogen-, and Carbon-Bearing Species in Super-Earth and Sub-Neptune Atmospheres
Aaron Werlen, Remo Burn, Caroline Dorn +2
Atmospheric compositions of sub-Neptunes and super-Earths are often interpreted as tracers of formation location relative to volatile ice lines. However, prolonged magma oceans can…
A New Global Chemical Equilibrium Code: Refractory Element Signatures in Super-Earths and Sub-Neptunes
Simon Grimm, Marie-Luise Steinmeyer, Aaron Werlen +3
The atmospheres of super-Earths and sub-Neptunes can be strongly modified by chemical exchange with their molten interiors during long-lived magma ocean phases. Interpreting atmosp…
The Influences of Hydrogen-Silicate-Iron Miscibility on the Demographics of Sub-Neptunes and Super-Earths
Edward D. Young, Aaron Werlen
Models based on variable miscibility among hydrogen, molten silicate, and molten iron, coupled with atmospheric escape, can reproduce the observed occurrence density structure of s…
The Effects of Non-ideal Mixing in Planetary Magma Oceans and Atmospheres
Aaron Werlen, Edward D. Young, Hilke E. Schlichting +2
Sub-Neptunes with hydrogen-rich envelopes are expected to sustain long-lived magma oceans that continuously exchange volatiles with their overlying atmospheres. Capturing these int…
Coupled Thermal-Chemical Evolution Models of Sub-Neptunes Reveal Atmospheric Signatures of Their Formation Location
Marie-Luise Steinmeyer, Caroline Dorn, Aaron Werlen +1
The observed masses and radii of sub-Neptunes are typically explained by the gas dwarf and the water world scenarios. While their evolutionary history on a population level has bee…
Sub-Neptunes Are Drier Than They Seem: Rethinking the Origins of Water-Rich Worlds
Aaron Werlen, Caroline Dorn, Remo Burn +3
Recent claims of biosignature gases in sub-Neptune atmospheres have renewed interest in water-rich sub-Neptunes with surface oceans, often referred to as Hycean planets. These plan…
Mineral cloud formation above magma oceans in sub-Neptune atmospheres
Elspeth K. H. Lee, Aaron Werlen, Caroline Dorn
The potential presence of a magma surface below a thick atmosphere primarily composed of hydrogen in some sub-Neptune exoplanets suggests a strong link between the interior composi…
Differentiation, the exception not the rule -- Evidence for full miscibility in sub-Neptune interiors
Edward D. Young, Aaron Werlen, Sarah P. Marcum +2
We investigate the consequences of non-ideal mixing between silicate, iron metal, and hydrogen for the structures of the cores of sub-Neptunes with implications for super-Earths, w…
Atmospheric C/O Ratios of Sub-Neptunes with Magma Oceans: Homemade rather than Inherited
Aaron Werlen, Caroline Dorn, Hilke E. Schlichting +2
Recently, the James Webb Space Telescope has enabled detailed spectroscopic characterization of sub-Neptune atmospheres. With detections of carbon- and oxygen-bearing species such…
Primordial Origin of Methane on Eris and Makemake Supported by D/H Ratios
Olivier Mousis, Aaron Werlen, Tom Benest Couzinou +1
Deuterium, a heavy isotope of hydrogen, is a key tracer of the formation of the Solar System. Recent JWST observations have expanded the dataset of D/H ratios in methane on the KBO…