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20242026
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cs.CL2026

Tying the Loop -- Tied Expert Layers in Mixture-of-Experts Language Models

Martin Jaggi

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures efficiently scale Large Language Models (LLMs) by activating only a small fraction of their experts per token, yet the full parameter count -…

cs.CL2026

Toward Cross-Lingual Quality Classifiers for Multilingual Pretraining Data Selection

Yassine Turki, Vinko Sabolčec, Bettina Messmer +1

As Large Language Models (LLMs) scale, data curation has shifted from maximizing volume to optimizing the signal-to-noise ratio by performing quality filtering. However, for many l…

cs.CL2025

Beyond URLs: Metadata Diversity and Position for Efficient LLM Pretraining

Dongyang Fan, Diba Hashemi, Sai Praneeth Karimireddy +1

Incorporating metadata in Large Language Models (LLMs) pretraining has recently emerged as a promising approach to accelerate training. However prior work highlighted only one usef…

cs.CL2025

Apertus: Democratizing Open and Compliant LLMs for Global Language Environments

Project Apertus, Alejandro Hernández-Cano, Alexander Hägele +100

We present Apertus, a fully open suite of large language models (LLMs) designed to address two systemic shortcomings in today's open model ecosystem: data compliance and multilingu…

cs.CL2025

TiMoE: Time-Aware Mixture of Language Experts

Robin Faro, Dongyang Fan, Tamar Alphaidze +1

Large language models (LLMs) are typically trained on fixed snapshots of the web, which means that their knowledge becomes stale and their predictions risk temporal leakage: relyin…

cs.CL2025

FineWeb2: One Pipeline to Scale Them All -- Adapting Pre-Training Data Processing to Every Language

Guilherme Penedo, Hynek Kydlíček, Vinko Sabolčec +7

Pre-training state-of-the-art large language models (LLMs) requires vast amounts of clean and diverse text data. While the open development of large high-quality English pre-traini…