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cs.AI2026

Does Latent Chain-of-Thought Actually Reason? A Single, Unifying Taxonomy for Latent Reasoning

Jingjie Qiu, Sheldon Yu, Xunyi Jiang +6

Latent chain-of-thought replaces written reasoning steps with continuous hidden states, giving models additional steps to compute before answering. It remains unclear what computat…

cs.AI2026

Failure Is the Mother of Success: Recovering Supervision with Grounding Hindsight

Sheldon Yu, Tong Yu, Nikki Lijing Kuang +6

When every rollout for a problem fails, GRPO receives neither a successful exemplar nor a nonzero group-relative advantage, so it learns nothing from exactly the problems it most n…

cs.AI2026

Seeing, Maintaining, and Learning: The Evolution of Multimodal Agent Memory

Minghao Guo, Qingyue Jiao, Xiujin Liu +77

Multimodal models and agents have emerged to enable AI systems to learn from and interact with the real world more like humans by integrating information across multiple modalities…

cs.AI2026

Toward Latent Language Model Skills Steering and Optimization: An Empirical Study

Xunyi Jiang, Junda Wu, Yuxin Xiong +6

Skills, as a useful abstraction for the procedural capabilities of large language models (LLMs), capture how models perform structured, multi-step reasoning and program execution.…

cs.AI2026

Agent2UCB: Agentic System for Generative Engine Optimization

Sheldon Yu, Rui Wang, Tong Yu +4

Large language model driven search engines such as Google AI Overviews and Perplexity have created new opportunities for Generative Engine Optimization (GEO) the practice of refini…

cs.AI2026

How Hard Does It Think? Analyzing Step-Aware Reasoning Energy in LLM Chain-of-Thought Trajectories

Hui Wei, Junda Wu, Sheldon Yu +8

Understanding how computational effort is allocated across individual chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning steps remains an open challenge: existing interpretability methods rely on ou…

cs.AI2026

Can We Break LLMs Out of Self-Loops? Fine-Grained Reasoning Control with Activation Steering

Sheldon Yu, Tong Yu, Xunyi Jiang +6

Extended reasoning has become standard for frontier Large Language Models (LLMs), yet the trajectories these models produce remain largely uncontrollable. Existing methods for shap…

cs.AI2026

OLIVIA: Online Learning via Inference-time Action Adaptation for Decision Making in LLM ReAct Agents

Sheldon Yu, Junda Wu, Xintong Li +6

Large language model agents interleave reasoning, action selection, and observation to solve sequential decision-making tasks. In deployed settings where agents repeatedly handle r…

cs.AI2026

A Low-Latency Fraud Detection Layer for Detecting Adversarial Interaction Patterns in LLM-Powered Agents

Sheldon Yu, Yingcheng Sun, Hanqing Guo +1

Large Language Model (LLM)-powered agents demonstrate strong capabilities in autonomous task execution, tool use, and multi-step reasoning. However, their increasing autonomy also…