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astro-ph.EP2026

Beyond Five Scale Heights: Composition- and Cloud-dependent Ariel Tier-2 Requirements for sub-Neptunes

Vigneshwaran Krishnamurthy, Nicolas B. Cowan, Misato Fukagawa +1

The Ariel Mission Candidate Sample (MCS) Tier-2 requirements provide a common screening reference by assuming a clear H/He atmosphere and a five-scale-height transmission signa…

astro-ph.EP2026

A Search for helium in the atmospheres of three sub-Neptunes and a super-Earth around M-dwarfs

Kiyoe Kawauchi, Norio Narita, Yuichi Ito +26

Thousands of sub-Neptunes have been discovered mainly through space-based surveys such as Kepler and TESS. Their bulk compositions and internal structures are thought to reflect th…

astro-ph.EP2026

The mass of TOI-1883 b: A low density super-Neptune in the ridge regime transiting an early-M dwarf

Izuru Fukuda, Norio Narita, Akihiko Fukui +36

Recent large-scale transit surveys conducted by space telescopes such as Kepler and TESS have revealed a vast number of exoplanets, uncovering the diversity of their population. On…

astro-ph.EP2025

Sibling Sub-Neptunes Around Sibling M Dwarfs: TOI-521 and TOI-912

G. Lacedelli, E. Pallé, R. Luque +47

Sub-Neptunes are absent in the Solar System, yet they are commonly found in our Galaxy. They challenge the internal structure models and prompt investigation on their formation, ev…

astro-ph.EP2025

The mass of TOI-654 b: A short-period sub-Neptune transiting a mid-M dwarf

Kai Ikuta, Norio Narita, Takuya Takarada +40

Sub-Neptunes are small planets between the size of the Earth and Neptune. The orbital and bulk properties of transiting sub-Neptunes can provide clues for their formation and evolu…