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cs.AI2026
A Game Theoretic Free Energy Analysis of Higher Order Synergy in Attention Heads of Large Language Models
Djamel Bouchaffra
Large language models rely on multihead attention, but interactions among heads remain poorly understood. We apply the Game Theoretic Free Energy Principle (GTFEP): a framework cas…
cs.AI2026
A Collective Variational Principle Unifying Bayesian Inference, Game Theory, and Thermodynamics
Djamel Bouchaffra, Faycal Ykhlef, Mustapha Lebbah +1
Collective intelligence emerges across biological, physical, and artificial systems without central coordination, yet a unifying principle governing such behaviour remains elusive.…
cs.AI2026
NeuroGame Transformer: Gibbs-Inspired Attention Driven by Game Theory and Statistical Physics
Djamel Bouchaffra, Faycal Ykhlef, Hanene Azzag +2
Standard attention mechanisms in transformers are limited by their pairwise formulation, which hinders the modeling of higher-order dependencies among tokens. We introduce the Neur…