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20242026
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cs.LG2026

TSRL: Trigger-based Supervised Reinforcement Learning for Continual Agent Training

Yuqian Fu, Kaiwen Jiang, Zijun Song +3

Large language model (LLM) agents excel at complex, multi-step tasks but suffer from catastrophic forgetting during continual learning--acquiring new skills often degrades previous…

cs.LG2026

3SPO: State-Score-Supervised Policy Optimization for LLM Agents

Yu Han, Kailing Li, Yang Jiao +4

Training large language models (LLMs) as autonomous agents via reinforcement learning (RL) has enabled frontier models to achieve superhuman performance in long-horizon tasks. Howe…

cs.LG2026

When RL Fails after SFT: Rejuvenating Model Plasticity for Robust SFT-to-RL Handoff

Runze Liu, Jiashun Liu, Xu Wan +2

Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) followed by Reinforcement Learning (RL) has become a standard pipeline for Large Language Model (LLM) post-training. SFT is expected to provide a usefu…

cs.CL2026

Are Full Rollouts Necessary for On-Policy Distillation?

Yaocheng Zhang, Jiajun Chai, Yuqian Fu +7

On-policy distillation (OPD) provides dense teacher feedback along student-generated rollouts rather than fixed teacher traces and has emerged as a promising post-training paradigm…

cs.LG2026

A Shared Valence Axis Across Modern LLMs and Human EEG: The Saturation Regularity

Yousef A. Radwan, Xuhui Liu, Kilichbek Haydarov +2

Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful representation learners whose internal features increasingly align with human cognition. We study whether modern LLMs can serv…

cs.CV2026

Bridging the 2D-3D Gap: A Hierarchical Semantic-Geometric Map for Vision Language Navigation

Kailing Li, Tianwen Qian, Lijin Yang +4

Vision-Language Navigation (VLN) enables embodied agents to reach target locations in unseen environments by following language instructions. Despite recent progress with vision-la…

cs.LG2026

Revisiting On-Policy Distillation: Empirical Failure Modes and Simple Fixes

Yuqian Fu, Haohuan Huang, Kaiwen Jiang +4

On-policy distillation (OPD) is increasingly used in LLM post-training because it can leverage a teacher model to provide dense supervision on student rollouts. The standard implem…

cs.AI2026

Is Mathematical Problem-Solving Expertise in Large Language Models Associated with Assessment Performance?

Liang Zhang, Yu Fu, Xinyi Jin

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used in math education not only as problem solvers but also as assessors of learners' reasoning. However, it remains unclear whether s…

cs.LG2026

MOSAIC: A Universal Agent-Level Interface for Cross-Paradigm Agent Mixing and Human-AI Collaboration

Abdulhamid M. Mousa, Jinhui Pang, Rakhmonberdi Khajiev +5

Existing infrastructure cannot deploy agents from different decision-making paradigms within the same environment, making fair cross-paradigm comparison under identical conditions…

cs.CV2026

VisNec: Measuring and Leveraging Visual Necessity for Multimodal Instruction Tuning

Mingkang Dong, Hongyi Cai, Jie Li +4

The effectiveness of multimodal instruction tuning depends not only on dataset scale, but critically on whether training samples genuinely require visual reasoning. However, existi…