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cs.CL2025

The Price of Thought: A Multilingual Analysis of Reasoning, Performance, and Cost of Negotiation in Large Language Models

Sherzod Hakimov, Roland Bernard, Tim Leiber +5

Negotiation is a fundamental challenge for AI agents, as it requires an ability to reason strategically, model opponents, and balance cooperation with competition. We present the f…

cs.CL2025

Could the Road to Grounded, Neuro-symbolic AI be Paved with Words-as-Classifiers?

Casey Kennington, David Schlangen

Formal, Distributional, and Grounded theories of computational semantics each have their uses and their drawbacks. There has been a shift to ground models of language by adding vis…

cs.CL2025

A Third Paradigm for LLM Evaluation: Dialogue Game-Based Evaluation using clembench

David Schlangen, Sherzod Hakimov, Chalamalasetti Kranti +2

There are currently two main paradigms for evaluating large language models (LLMs), reference-based evaluation and preference-based evaluation. The first, carried over from the eva…

cs.CL2025

From Templates to Natural Language: Generalization Challenges in Instruction-Tuned LLMs for Spatial Reasoning

Chalamalasetti Kranti, Sherzod Hakimov, David Schlangen

Instruction-tuned large language models (LLMs) have shown strong performance on a variety of tasks; however, generalizing from synthetic to human-authored instructions in grounded…

cs.CL2025

clem:todd: A Framework for the Systematic Benchmarking of LLM-Based Task-Oriented Dialogue System Realisations

Chalamalasetti Kranti, Sherzod Hakimov, David Schlangen

The emergence of instruction-tuned large language models (LLMs) has advanced the field of dialogue systems, enabling both realistic user simulations and robust multi-turn conversat…

cs.CL2025

Playpen: An Environment for Exploring Learning Through Conversational Interaction

Nicola Horst, Davide Mazzaccara, Antonia Schmidt +13

Interaction between learner and feedback-giver has come into focus recently for post-training of Large Language Models (LLMs), through the use of reward models that judge the appro…