Beam energy dependence of the relativistic retardation effects of electrical fields on the ${\pi }^{-}/{\pi }^{+}$ ratio in heavy-ion collisions

Gao-Feng Wei, Gao-Chan Yong, Li Ou +2

In this article we investigate the beam energy dependence of relativistic retardation effects of electrical fields on the single and double ${\pi }^{-}/{\pi }^{+}$ ratios in three heavy-ion…