Mind the Trap: Non-negligible effect of volatile trapping in ice on C/O ratios in protoplanetary disks and exoplanetary atmospheres

N. F. W. Ligterink, K. A. Kipfer, S. Gavino

The ability of bulk ices (H${}_2$O, CO${}_2$) to trap volatiles has been well studied in any experimental sense, but largely ignored in protoplanetary disk and planet formation mod…