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Effects of the Sound Speed of Quintessence on the Microwave Background and Large Scale Structure
Simon DeDeo, R. R. Caldwell, Paul J. Steinhardt
We consider how quintessence models in which the sound speed differs from the speed of light and varies with time affect the cosmic microwave background and the fluctuation power s…
Measuring the Speed of Sound of Quintessence
Joel K. Erickson, R. R. Caldwell, Paul J. Steinhardt +2
Quintessence, a time-varying energy component that may account for the accelerated expansion of the universe, can be characterized by its equation of state and sound speed. In this…
The Imprint of Gravitational Waves in Models Dominated by a Dynamical Cosmic Scalar Field
R. R. Caldwell, Paul J. Steinhardt
An alternative to the standard cold dark matter model has been recently proposed in which a significant fraction of the energy density of the universe is due to a dynamical scalar…
Cosmological Imprint of an Energy Component with General Equation of State
R. R. Caldwell, Rahul Dave, Paul J. Steinhardt
We examine the possibility that a significant component of the energy density of the universe has an equation-of-state different from that of matter, radiation or cosmological cons…