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cs.AI2026

Spatial-Interactor: Learning Spatial Reasoning through Interaction with the Observable Physical World

Kaixiang Yao, Xu Wang, Miao Pan +10

Spatial reasoning is essential for vision-language models (VLMs) to understand and act in the physical world. Reasoning in dynamic environments requires VLMs to perceive local stat…

cs.AI2026

Dual-Axis Policy Optimization for LLM Agents: Bayesian Feedback Attribution and Trajectory Mass Normalization

Yingxuan Zhuang, Binhe Yu, Jingxiao Yang +6

Reinforcement learning for LLM agents involves two distinct optimization di- mensions: how environment feedback is exploited within a trajectory, and how complete trajectories are…

cs.AI2026

Reconciling Process Supervision with Outcome-Based Credit in Agentic Policy Optimization

Jingxiao Yang, Wangjie Gan, Yingxuan Zhuang +3

Outcome-based reinforcement learning provides verified feedback for language-model agents, but assigns trajectory-level advantage uniformly to all decisions, yielding coarse credit…

cs.AI2026

AttriMem: Attribution-Guided Process Feedback for Agent Memory Construction

Qinfeng Li, Yuntai Bao, Xinyan Yu +7

Effective memory is crucial for LLM agents, yet constructing it effectively remains challenging. A memory-construction policy decides what information to extract, store, update, co…

cs.AI2025

RAGFort: Dual-Path Defense Against Proprietary Knowledge Base Extraction in Retrieval-Augmented Generation

Qinfeng Li, Miao Pan, Ke Xiong +6

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems deployed over proprietary knowledge bases face growing threats from reconstruction attacks that aggregate model responses to replicate…