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cs.CL2026

Multilingual Reasoning Cascades Need More Context

Arnav Mazumder, Dengjia Zhang, Shuyue Stella Li +2

Translation cascades for reasoning translate the query from another language to English, reason in English, and translate the answer back to the original language. This is a compet…

cs.CL2026

Deep Reasoning in General Purpose Agents via Structured Meta-Cognition

Dean Light, Michael Theologitis, Kshitish Ghate +7

Humans intuitively solve complex problems by flexibly shifting among reasoning modes: they plan, execute, revise intermediate goals, resolve ambiguity through associative judgment,…

cs.CL2026

Cold-Start Personalization via Training-Free Priors from Structured World Models

Avinandan Bose, Shuyue Stella Li, Faeze Brahman +6

Cold-start personalization requires inferring user preferences through interaction when no user-specific historical data is available. The core challenge is a routing problem: each…

cs.CL2026

Small Reward Models via Backward Inference

Yike Wang, Faeze Brahman, Shangbin Feng +3

Reward models (RMs) play a central role throughout the language model (LM) pipeline, particularly in non-verifiable domains. However, the dominant LLM-as-a-Judge paradigm relies on…

cs.CL2025

RLVE: Scaling Up Reinforcement Learning for Language Models with Adaptive Verifiable Environments

Zhiyuan Zeng, Hamish Ivison, Yiping Wang +14

We introduce Reinforcement Learning (RL) with Adaptive Verifiable Environments (RLVE), an approach using verifiable environments that procedurally generate problems and provide alg…

cs.CL2025

PrefDisco: Benchmarking Proactive Personalized Reasoning

Shuyue Stella Li, Avinandan Bose, Faeze Brahman +4

Current large language model (LLM) development treats task-solving and preference-alignment as separate challenges, optimizing first for objective correctness, then for alignment t…