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20242026
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cs.CL2026

Verifiable Environments Are LEGO Bricks: Recursive Composition for Reasoning Generalization

Hao Xiang, Qiaoyu Tang, Le Yu +8

Reinforcement Learning (RL) with verifiable environments has emerged as a powerful approach for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). While prior re…

cs.CL2026

Your Teacher Can't Help You Here: Combating Supervision Fidelity Decay in On-Policy Distillation

Yanjiang Liu, Jie Lou, Xinyan Guan +7

On-policy distillation transfers reasoning capabilities by training a student model on its own generated trajectories using token-level feedback from a teacher. However, we identif…

cs.CL2026

Coupled Variational Reinforcement Learning for Language Model General Reasoning

Xueru Wen, Jie Lou, Yanjiang Liu +6

While reinforcement learning has achieved impressive progress in language model reasoning, it is constrained by the requirement for verifiable rewards. Recent verifier-free RL meth…

cs.CL2026

All Languages Matter: Understanding and Mitigating Language Bias in Multilingual RAG

Dan Wang, Guozhao Mo, Yafei Shi +9

Multilingual Retrieval-Augmented Generation (mRAG) leverages cross-lingual evidence to ground Large Language Models (LLMs) in global knowledge. However, we show that current mRAG s…

cs.CL2026

Identifying and Transferring Reasoning-Critical Neurons: Improving LLM Inference Reliability via Activation Steering

Fangan Dong, Zuming Yan, Xuri Ge +7

Despite the strong reasoning capabilities of recent large language models (LLMs), achieving reliable performance on challenging tasks often requires post-training or computationall…

cs.CL2025

Beyond Isolated Dots: Benchmarking Structured Table Construction as Deep Knowledge Extraction

Tianyun Zhong, Guozhao Mo, Yanjiang Liu +9

With the emergence of large language models (LLMs), there is an expectation that LLMs can effectively extract explicit information from complex real-world documents (e.g., papers,…