activity
20172026
most citedA Primer on the Inner Workings of Transformer-based Language Models

9 citations · 31 across the 20 of their papers we have counts for

collaborators

21 papers

cs.CL2026

A Systematic Evaluation of Cross-Lingual Consistency Enhancement Methods in Multilingual Language Models

Jirui Qi, Mingyang Wang, Hinrich Schütze +2

Multilingual language models often produce inconsistent answers to semantically equivalent questions across languages, motivating methods to improve cross-lingual consistency (CLC)…

cs.CL2026

Topics as Proxies for Sociodemographics: How Conversational Context Affects LLM Answers

Vera Neplenbroek, Gabriele Sarti, Arianna Bisazza +1

When large language models (LLMs) are used in high-stakes scenarios, such as legal, medical and financial advice, even a single conversation history is enough to drive differences…

cs.CL2026

Modeling Human-Like Color Naming Behavior in Context

Yuqing Zhang, Ecesu Ürker, Tessa Verhoef +2

Modeling the emergence of human-like lexicons in computational systems has advanced through the use of interacting neural agents, which simulate both learning and communicative pre…

cs.CL2026

Post-Training Language Models for Crosslingual Consistency

Tianyu Liu, Jirui Qi, Mrinmaya Sachan +3

Language models often respond inconsistently to translation-equivalent prompts across languages, undermining the reliability of multilingual systems. To quantify this, we give an i…

cs.CL2025

Challenging the Abilities of Large Language Models in Italian: a Community Initiative

Malvina Nissim, Danilo Croce, Viviana Patti +78

The rapid progress of Large Language Models (LLMs) has transformed natural language processing and broadened its impact across research and society. Yet, systematic evaluation of t…

cs.CL2025

Child-Directed Language Does Not Consistently Boost Syntax Learning in Language Models

Francesca Padovani, Jaap Jumelet, Yevgen Matusevych +1

Seminal work by Huebner et al. (2021) showed that language models (LMs) trained on English Child-Directed Language (CDL) can reach similar syntactic abilities as LMs trained on muc…

cs.CL2025

Unsupervised Word-level Quality Estimation for Machine Translation Through the Lens of Annotators (Dis)agreement

Gabriele Sarti, Vilém Zouhar, Malvina Nissim +1

Word-level quality estimation (WQE) aims to automatically identify fine-grained error spans in machine-translated outputs and has found many uses, including assisting translators d…

cs.CL2025

On the reliability of feature attribution methods for speech classification

Gaofei Shen, Hosein Mohebbi, Arianna Bisazza +2

As the capabilities of large-scale pre-trained models evolve, understanding the determinants of their outputs becomes more important. Feature attribution aims to reveal which parts…

cs.CL2025

When Models Reason in Your Language: Controlling Thinking Language Comes at the Cost of Accuracy

Jirui Qi, Shan Chen, Zidi Xiong +3

Recent Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) with thinking traces have shown strong performance on English reasoning tasks. However, their ability to think in other languages is less studi…

cs.CL2025★ 1 cited

Steering Large Language Models for Machine Translation Personalization

Daniel Scalena, Gabriele Sarti, Arianna Bisazza +2

Large language models have simplified the production of personalized translations reflecting predefined stylistic constraints. However, these systems still struggle when stylistic…

cs.CL2025

Reading Between the Prompts: How Stereotypes Shape LLM's Implicit Personalization

Vera Neplenbroek, Arianna Bisazza, Raquel Fernández

Generative Large Language Models (LLMs) infer user's demographic information from subtle cues in the conversation -- a phenomenon called implicit personalization. Prior work has sh…

cs.CL2025★ 2 cited

On the Consistency of Multilingual Context Utilization in Retrieval-Augmented Generation

Jirui Qi, Raquel Fernández, Arianna Bisazza

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) with large language models (LLMs) has demonstrated strong performance in multilingual question-answering (QA) tasks by leveraging relevant pass…

cs.CL2025★ 3 cited

QE4PE: Word-level Quality Estimation for Human Post-Editing

Gabriele Sarti, Vilém Zouhar, Grzegorz Chrupała +3

Word-level quality estimation (QE) methods aim to detect erroneous spans in machine translations, which can direct and facilitate human post-editing. While the accuracy of word-lev…

cs.CL2024

Cross-Lingual Transfer of Debiasing and Detoxification in Multilingual LLMs: An Extensive Investigation

Vera Neplenbroek, Arianna Bisazza, Raquel Fernández

Recent generative large language models (LLMs) show remarkable performance in non-English languages, but when prompted in those languages they tend to express higher harmful social…

cs.CL2024★ 1 cited

Pointwise Mutual Information as a Performance Gauge for Retrieval-Augmented Generation

Tianyu Liu, Jirui Qi, Paul He +3

Recent work suggests that large language models enhanced with retrieval-augmented generation are easily influenced by the order, in which the retrieved documents are presented to t…

cs.CL2024

Non Verbis, Sed Rebus: Large Language Models are Weak Solvers of Italian Rebuses

Gabriele Sarti, Tommaso Caselli, Malvina Nissim +1

Rebuses are puzzles requiring constrained multi-step reasoning to identify a hidden phrase from a set of images and letters. In this work, we introduce a large collection of verbal…

cs.CL2024

MBBQ: A Dataset for Cross-Lingual Comparison of Stereotypes in Generative LLMs

Vera Neplenbroek, Arianna Bisazza, Raquel Fernández

Generative large language models (LLMs) have been shown to exhibit harmful biases and stereotypes. While safety fine-tuning typically takes place in English, if at all, these model…

cs.CL2024★ 2 cited

The SIFo Benchmark: Investigating the Sequential Instruction Following Ability of Large Language Models

Xinyi Chen, Baohao Liao, Jirui Qi +4

Following multiple instructions is a crucial ability for large language models (LLMs). Evaluating this ability comes with significant challenges: (i) limited coherence between mult…

cs.CL2024★ 8 cited

Model Internals-based Answer Attribution for Trustworthy Retrieval-Augmented Generation

Jirui Qi, Gabriele Sarti, Raquel Fernández +1

Ensuring the verifiability of model answers is a fundamental challenge for retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) in the question answering (QA) domain. Recently, self-citation promp…

cs.CL2024★ 9 cited

A Primer on the Inner Workings of Transformer-based Language Models

Javier Ferrando, Gabriele Sarti, Arianna Bisazza +1

The rapid progress of research aimed at interpreting the inner workings of advanced language models has highlighted a need for contextualizing the insights gained from years of wor…

cs.CL2017★ 5 cited

Learning Topic-Sensitive Word Representations

Marzieh Fadaee, Arianna Bisazza, Christof Monz

Distributed word representations are widely used for modeling words in NLP tasks. Most of the existing models generate one representation per word and do not consider different mea…