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cs.LG2026

Data Schedules and Learning Rate Schedules Should Be Designed Together

Haodong Wen, Kairong Luo, Tingkai Yan +2

Mid-training (MT) is a training phase in LLM training pipelines that continues pretraining (PT) on smaller datasets of higher value. Taking the PT and MT phases as a whole, trainin…

cs.LG2026

SMELT: Scaling Laws for Compute-Matched MoE Looped Transformers

Shaowen Wang, Ge Zhang, Kairong Luo +6

Looped Transformers increase effective depth by iterating a shared block of layers, but most evaluations compare at fixed model size, conflating architectural advantage with extra…

cs.LG2025

How Learning Rate Decay Wastes Your Best Data in Curriculum-Based LLM Pretraining

Kairong Luo, Zhenbo Sun, Haodong Wen +5

Due to the scarcity of high-quality data, large language models (LLMs) are often trained on mixtures of data with varying quality levels, even after sophisticated data curation. A…

cs.LG2025

Larger Datasets Can Be Repeated More: A Theoretical Analysis of Multi-Epoch Scaling in Linear Regression

Tingkai Yan, Haodong Wen, Binghui Li +3

While data scaling laws of large language models (LLMs) have been widely examined in the one-pass regime with massive corpora, their form under limited data and repeated epochs rem…

cs.LG2025

A Multi-Power Law for Loss Curve Prediction Across Learning Rate Schedules

Kairong Luo, Haodong Wen, Shengding Hu +5

Training large models is both resource-intensive and time-consuming, making it crucial to understand the quantitative relationship between model performance and hyperparameters. In…