3 papers
cs.CL2026
Geometric Representations of African Languages: A Regional Semantic Hub and Cultural Steering
Muhammad Abdullahi Said, Jonathan Shock
We study how Gemma 4 31B represents African languages and responds to cultural steering. The first study compares nine African languages and three controls using probes, contrast d…
cs.CL2026
Concept Direction Reliability Across Languages with Different Tokenizer Fertility
Muhammad Abdullahi Said, Abass Oguntade, Elisha Komolafe +3
Extracted sentiment directions can vary across samples even when downstream sentiment classification remains accurate. To evaluate direction reproducibility, we measure split-half…
cs.CL2026
Safe in the Future, Dangerous in the Past: Dissecting Temporal and Linguistic Vulnerabilities in LLMs
Muhammad Abdullahi Said, Muhammad Sammani Sani
As Large Language Models (LLMs) integrate into critical global infrastructure, the assumption that safety alignment transfers zero-shot from English to other languages remains a da…