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20242026
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cs.CL2026

SARA: Unlocking Multilingual Knowledge in Mixture-of-Experts via Semantically Anchored Routing Alignment

Tianyu Dong, Yangyang Liu, Jiang Zhou +9

Sparse Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures have emerged as an increasingly influential paradigm as they offer a strategic balance between parameter scalability and computational…

cs.CL2026

Incentivizing Parametric Knowledge via Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards for Cross-Cultural Entity Translation

Jiang Zhou, Xiaohu Zhao, Xinwei Wu +8

Cross-cultural entity translation remains challenging for large language models (LLMs) as literal or phonetic renderings are usually yielded instead of culturally appropriate trans…

cs.CL2026

Finding the Translation Switch: Discovering and Exploiting the Task-Initiation Features in LLMs

Xinwei Wu, Heng Liu, Xiaohu Zhao +6

Large Language Models (LLMs) frequently exhibit strong translation abilities, even without task-specific fine-tuning. However, the internal mechanisms governing this innate capabil…

cs.CL2025

Challenging Multilingual LLMs: A New Taxonomy and Benchmark for Unraveling Hallucination in Translation

Xinwei Wu, Heng Liu, Jiang Zhou +5

Large Language Models (LLMs) have advanced machine translation but remain vulnerable to hallucinations. Unfortunately, existing MT benchmarks are not capable of exposing failures i…

cs.CL2025

Beyond Black-Box Interventions: Latent Probing for Faithful Retrieval-Augmented Generation

Linfeng Gao, Qinggang Zhang, Baolong Bi +9

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems often fail to maintain contextual faithfulness, generating responses that conflict with the provided context or fail to fully leverage…

cs.CL2025

TransBench: Benchmarking Machine Translation for Industrial-Scale Applications

Haijun Li, Tianqi Shi, Zifu Shang +13

Machine translation (MT) has become indispensable for cross-border communication in globalized industries like e-commerce, finance, and legal services, with recent advancements in…