An Implicit Discrete Adjoint Gas-Kinetic Scheme for Aerodynamic Shape Optimization across all Mach Number Regimes

Hangkong Wu, Yuze Zhu, Yajun Zhu +1

The gas-kinetic scheme (GKS) integrates the characteristics of flux difference scheme (FDS) and flux vector splitting (FVS) scheme, providing high accuracy in smooth regions and st…