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20242026
most citedWhen Smiley Turns Hostile: Interpreting How Emojis Trigger LLMs' Toxicity

1 citations · 1 across the 11 of their papers we have counts for

collaborators

11 papers

cs.CL2026

New Terms, New Toxicity: Consensus-based Chinese Neologism Toxicity Detection via Search-Augmented LLMs

Shiyao Cui, QingLin Zhang, Di Wang +7

Neologisms, emerging terms in meaning or form, can serve as new vehicles for toxic expression, like "country girl" as a stigmatizing label targeting feminism. Such toxic neologisms…

cs.CL2026

Safe Alone, Unsafe Together: Safeguarding Against Implicit Toxicity When Benign Images Combine

Jiaxian Lv, Shiyao Cui, Yingkang Wang +3

Multi-image content has become an increasingly prevalent form of visual communication in social media, giving rise to a new safety issue, multi-image implicit toxicity (MIIT), wher…

cs.CR2026

EVA: Editing for Versatile Alignment against Jailbreaks

Yi Wang, Hongye Qiu, Yue Xu +4

Large Language Models (LLMs) and Vision Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities but remain vulnerable to jailbreaking attacks, where adversaries exploit te…

cs.CV2026

The Side Effects of Being Smart: Safety Risks in MLLMs' Multi-Image Reasoning

Renmiao Chen, Yida Lu, Shiyao Cui +6

As Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) acquire stronger reasoning capabilities to handle complex, multi-image instructions, this advancement may pose new safety risks. We stud…

cs.CL2025

Speculating LLMs' Chinese Training Data Pollution from Their Tokens

Qingjie Zhang, Di Wang, Haoting Qian +7

Tokens are basic elements in the datasets for LLM training. It is well-known that many tokens representing Chinese phrases in the vocabulary of GPT (4o/4o-mini/o1/o3/4.5/4.1/o4-min…

cs.CL2025

Understanding the Dilemma of Unlearning for Large Language Models

Qingjie Zhang, Haoting Qian, Zhicong Huang +5

Unlearning seeks to remove specific knowledge from large language models (LLMs), but its effectiveness remains contested. On one side, "forgotten" knowledge can often be recovered…

cs.CL2025★ 1 cited

When Smiley Turns Hostile: Interpreting How Emojis Trigger LLMs' Toxicity

Shiyao Cui, Xijia Feng, Yingkang Wang +6

Emojis are globally used non-verbal cues in digital communication, and extensive research has examined how large language models (LLMs) understand and utilize emojis across context…

cs.AI2025

Stop Before You Fail: Operational Capability Boundaries for Mitigating Unproductive Reasoning in Large Reasoning Models

Qingjie Zhang, Yujia Fu, Yang Wang +5

Current answering paradigms for Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) often fail to account for the fact that some questions may lie beyond the model's operational capability boundary, lea…

cs.AI2025

SafeSearch: Automated Red-Teaming of LLM-Based Search Agents

Jianshuo Dong, Sheng Guo, Hao Wang +6

Search agents connect LLMs to the Internet, enabling them to access broader and more up-to-date information. However, this also introduces a new threat surface: unreliable search r…

cs.CL2025

Exploring Multimodal Challenges in Toxic Chinese Detection: Taxonomy, Benchmark, and Findings

Shujian Yang, Shiyao Cui, Chuanrui Hu +5

Detecting toxic content using language models is important but challenging. While large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance in understanding Chinese, recent…

cs.CL2024

Understanding the Dark Side of LLMs' Intrinsic Self-Correction

Qingjie Zhang, Di Wang, Haoting Qian +7

Intrinsic self-correction was proposed to improve LLMs' responses via feedback prompts solely based on their inherent capability. However, recent works show that LLMs' intrinsic se…