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physics.ao-ph2026

Cumulus parameterization controls simulated rainfall more than microphysics, but not at heavy thresholds: a 3 * 2 factorial WRF study over the Western Himalaya

Satyam Kumar, Akshay Sunil, Devesh Sheoran

Rainfall forecasts over the Western Himalaya remain poor, and the relative contributions of the cumulus and microphysics parameterizations to that error are not well constrained.

physics.ao-ph2026

Boundary-layer scheme selection outweighs microphysics in WRF simulations of the August 2018 Kerala extreme rainfall event

Satyam Kumar, Akshay Sunil, Rashad PE

Because precipitation is regulated by intricate interactions between topography, cloud microphysics,cumulus convection, radiation, and boundary-layer processes, it is still difficu…

physics.ao-ph2026

Performance Evaluation of the WeatherEx Forecasting System (WFS) for Extreme Monsoon Rainfall over Kerala

Rashad P E, Akshay Sunil

Extreme monsoon rainfall over Kerala presents a major operational forecasting challenge because of the interaction of Arabian Sea moisture transport, mesoscale convection, coastal…

physics.ao-ph2026

Toward Trustworthy Short-Range Forecasts with AFNO: From Skill Metrics to Conservation Checks

Akshay Sunil, B. Deepthi, Muhammed Rashid

Data driven weather models now approach traditional numerical weather prediction (NWP) skill at short to medium lead times, but their dynamical consistency during autoregressive ro…

physics.ao-ph2024

Assessing the potential of state-of-the-art machine learning and physics-informed machine learning in predicting sea surface temperature

Akshay Sunil, B Deepthi, Gaurav Ganjir +3

The growing adoption of machine learning (ML) in modelling atmospheric and oceanic processes offers a promising alternative to traditional numerical methods. It is essential to ben…