Free-Molecular Face-Flux Preprocessing for Reduced Neutral-Continuity Modeling in Hall Thrusters: Particle-Based Reference and Deterministic SN-DFEM Realization

Yingjie Chen, Xi Chen, Yinjian Zhao

Neutral gas transport directly affects the ionization source, propellant utilization, and low-frequency discharge oscillations in Hall thrusters. High-fidelity particle-based neutr…