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20242026
most citedGemma 4 Technical Report

3 citations · 5 across the 10 of their papers we have counts for

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cs.CL2026★ 3 cited

Gemma 4 Technical Report

Gemma Team, Sherif El Abd, Vaibhav Aggarwal +320

We introduce Gemma 4, a new generation of open-weight, natively multimodal language models in the Gemma model family. Designed to advance compute efficiency and reasoning, the Gemm…

cs.CL2026

How do LLMs Compute Verbal Confidence

Dharshan Kumaran, Arthur Conmy, Federico Barbero +3

Verbal confidence -- prompting LLMs to state their confidence as a number or category -- is widely used to extract uncertainty estimates from black-box models. However, how LLMs in…

cs.CL2025

Why do LLMs attend to the first token?

Federico Barbero, Álvaro Arroyo, Xiangming Gu +4

Large Language Models (LLMs) tend to attend heavily to the first token in the sequence -- creating a so-called attention sink. Many works have studied this phenomenon in detail, pr…

cs.CL2024

Round and Round We Go! What makes Rotary Positional Encodings useful?

Federico Barbero, Alex Vitvitskyi, Christos Perivolaropoulos +2

Positional Encodings (PEs) are a critical component of Transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs), providing the attention mechanism with important sequence-position informatio…

cs.CL2024★ 1 cited

Transformers need glasses! Information over-squashing in language tasks

Federico Barbero, Andrea Banino, Steven Kapturowski +5

We study how information propagates in decoder-only Transformers, which are the architectural backbone of most existing frontier large language models (LLMs). We rely on a theoreti…