Advancing Lead-Free FASnI3 Perovskite Solar Cells via Cu-Doped NiOx HTL Engineering: An Optoelectronic Analysis

Md. Faiaad Rahman, Jabed Hasan, Md. Ashaduzzaman Niloy +1

Efficient lead-free perovskite solar cells remain limited by inefficient charge transport and significant recombination losses. In this work, copper (Cu) doped nickel oxide (NiOx)…