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20242026
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cs.CL2026

Eliciting Trustworthiness Priors of Large Language Models via Economic Games

Siyu Yan, Lusha Zhu, Jian-Qiao Zhu

One critical aspect of building human-centered, trustworthy artificial intelligence (AI) systems is maintaining calibrated trust: appropriate reliance on AI systems outperforms bot…

cs.CL2026

Simulated Annealing Enhances Theory-of-Mind Reasoning in Autoregressive Language Models

Xucong Hu, Jian-Qiao Zhu

Autoregressive language models are next-token predictors and have been criticized for only optimizing surface plausibility (i.e., local coherence) rather than maintaining correct l…

cs.CL2025

Steering Risk Preferences in Large Language Models by Aligning Behavioral and Neural Representations

Jian-Qiao Zhu, Haijiang Yan, Thomas L. Griffiths

Changing the behavior of large language models (LLMs) can be as straightforward as editing the Transformer's residual streams using appropriately constructed "steering vectors." Th…

cs.CL2025

Recovering Event Probabilities from Large Language Model Embeddings via Axiomatic Constraints

Jian-Qiao Zhu, Haijiang Yan, Thomas L. Griffiths

Rational decision-making under uncertainty requires coherent degrees of belief in events. However, event probabilities generated by Large Language Models (LLMs) have been shown to…

cs.CL2025

DREAM: Disentangling Risks to Enhance Safety Alignment in Multimodal Large Language Models

Jianyu Liu, Hangyu Guo, Ranjie Duan +14

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) pose unique safety challenges due to their integration of visual and textual data, thereby introducing new dimensions of potential attacks…

cs.CL2025

Levels of Analysis for Large Language Models

Alexander Y. Ku, Declan Campbell, Xuechunzi Bai +10

Modern artificial intelligence systems, such as large language models, are increasingly powerful but also increasingly hard to understand. Recognizing this problem as analogous to…