2 papers
cs.CL2026
Abstract Activation Spaces for Content-Invariant Reasoning in Large Language Models
Gabriele Maraia, Marco Valentino, Fabio Massimo Zanzotto +1
Large Language Models (LLMs) often struggle with deductive judgment in syllogistic reasoning, systematically conflating semantic plausibility with formal validity a phenomenon know…
cs.CL2025
Protoknowledge Shapes Behaviour of LLMs in Downstream Tasks: Memorization and Generalization with Knowledge Graphs
Federico Ranaldi, Andrea Zugarini, Leonardo Ranaldi +1
We introduce the concept of protoknowledge to formalize and measure how sequences of tokens encoding Knowledge Graphs are internalized during pretraining and utilized at inference…