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cs.AI2026

SafeEvolve: Harness-Policy Co-Evolution from Agent Experience for Safety Alignment

Qinghua Mao, Wanying Qu, Dadi Guo +8

The performance of LLM-based agents is jointly shaped by the base model and the harness used when interacting with the environment. This exposes them to safety risks in both harmfu…

cs.AI2026

SHE: Trajectory-driven Safety Harness Evolution for LLM Agents

Wanying Qu, Qinghua Mao, Yu Li +12

The safety of large language model (LLM) agents depends not only on model weights but also on the agent harness that manages context, memory, tools, permissions, and runtime contro…

cs.AI2026

AgentHijack: Benchmarking Computer Use Agent Robustness to Common Environment Corruptions

Jingwei Sun, Jianing Zhu, Yuanyi Li +3

Autonomous computer use agents that powered by multimodal large language models (MLLMs) are emerging as capable assistants for completing complex digital workflows. However, real-w…

cs.AI2026

What Do EEG Foundation Models Capture from Human Brain Signals?

Ling Tang, Qian Chen, Jilin Mei +6

Clinical electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis rests on a hand-crafted feature catalog refined over decades, \emph{e.g.,} band power, connectivity, complexity, and more. Modern EEG f…

cs.AI2026

Not All Turns Matter: Credit Assignment for Multi-Turn Jailbreaking

Zhida He, Xiaoyu Wen, Han Qi +7

Deploying LLMs in multi-turn dialogues facilitates jailbreak attacks that distribute harmful intent across seemingly benign turns. Recent training-based multi-turn jailbreak method…

cs.AI2026

Attributing Emergence in Million-Agent Systems

Ling Tang, Jilin Mei, Qian Chen +6

Large language models (LLMs) can simulate human-like reasoning and decision-making in individual agents. LLM-powered multi-agent systems (MAS) combine such agents to simulate popul…

cs.AI2026

Benchmarks for Trajectory Safety Evaluation and Diagnosis in OpenClaw and Codex: ATBench-Claw and ATBench-Codex

Zhonghao Yang, Yu Li, Yanxu Zhu +6

As agent systems move into increasingly diverse execution settings, trajectory-level safety evaluation and diagnosis require benchmarks that evolve with them. ATBench is a diverse…

cs.AI2026

Rethinking Generalization in Reasoning SFT: A Conditional Analysis on Optimization, Data, and Model Capability

Qihan Ren, Peng Wang, Ruikun Cai +8

A prevailing narrative in LLM post-training holds that supervised finetuning (SFT) memorizes while reinforcement learning (RL) generalizes. We revisit this claim for reasoning SFT…

cs.AI2026

ATBench: A Diverse and Realistic Agent Trajectory Benchmark for Safety Evaluation and Diagnosis

Yu Li, Haoyu Luo, Yuejin Xie +10

Evaluating the safety of LLM-based agents is increasingly important because risks in realistic deployments often emerge over multi-step interactions rather than isolated prompts or…

cs.AI2026

LPS-Bench: Benchmarking Safety Awareness of Computer-Use Agents in Long-Horizon Planning under Benign and Adversarial Scenarios

Tianyu Chen, Chujia Hu, Ge Gao +3

Computer-use agents (CUAs) execute multi-stage tasks through tools, where an early unsafe decision can propagate to consequential actions. Evaluating only final outcomes can miss s…