most citedSoft Tokens, Hard Truths

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cs.LG2026

Learning through Internalization

Nikolaos Tsilivis, Nirmit Joshi, Marko Medvedev +2

We study internalization processes, by which neural-network-based systems absorb an explicit computational procedure into their own weights, and how they facilitate learning. We in…

cs.LG2026

Efficient RL Training for LLMs with Experience Replay

Charles Arnal, Vivien Cabannes, Taco Cohen +2

While Experience Replay - the practice of storing rollouts and reusing them multiple times during training - is a foundational technique in general RL, it remains largely unexplore…

cs.LG2026

Teaching Models to Teach Themselves: Reasoning at the Edge of Learnability

Shobhita Sundaram, John Quan, Ariel Kwiatkowski +3

RL methods for scaling large reasoning models stall on datasets with low initial success rates, and thus little training signal. We investigate a fundamental question: Can a pretra…

cs.LG2025★ 1 cited

Outcome-based Exploration for LLM Reasoning

Yuda Song, Julia Kempe, Remi Munos

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a powerful method for improving the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs). Outcome-based RL, which rewards policies solely…

cs.LG2025

Tuning without Peeking: Provable Generalization Bounds and Robust LLM Post-Training

Ismail Labiad, Mathurin Videau, Matthieu Kowalski +4

Gradient-based optimization is the workhorse of deep learning, offering efficient and scalable training via backpropagation. However, exposing gradients during training can leak se…