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cs.LG2026
RAPO: Risk-Aware Preference Optimization for Generalizable Safe Reasoning
Zeming Wei, Qiaosheng Zhang, Xia Hu +1
Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have achieved tremendous success with their chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning, yet also face safety issues similar to those of basic language models. I…
cs.LG2026
The Two-Stage Decision-Sampling Hypothesis: Understanding the Emergence of Self-Reflection in RL-Trained LLMs
Zibo Zhao, Yuanting Zha, Haipeng Zhang +1
Self-reflection capabilities emerge in Large Language Models after RL post-training, with multi-turn RL achieving substantial gains over SFT counterparts. Yet the mechanism of how…