Google's Training Supercomputers from TPU v2 to Ironwood: Architectural Stability, Scale, Resilience, Power Efficiency, and Sustainability Across Five Generations

Norman P. Jouppi, Sridhar Lakshmanamurthy, Cliff Young +1

This paper (to appear in the July/August 2026 issue of IEEE Micro magazine) summarizes five generations of Google s TPUs, from TPU v2 to Ironwood, highlighting their evolution as s…