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20242026
most citedSmall Language Models are the Future of Agentic AI

15 citations · 17 across the 18 of their papers we have counts for

collaborators

21 papers

cs.CL2026

SparDA: Sparse Decoupled Attention for Efficient Long-Context LLM Inference

Yaosheng Fu, Guangxuan Xiao, Xin Dong +2

Sparse attention reduces compute and memory bandwidth for long-context LLM inference. However, two key challenges remain: (1) KV cache capacity still grows with sequence length, an…

cs.CL2026

SaliMory: Orchestrating Cognitive Memory for Conversational Agents

Kai Zhang, Xinyuan Zhang, Hongda Jiang +11

Conversational agents that serve as lifelong companions must maintain persistent memory across all interactions. However, simply expanding context windows with raw retrieval degrad…

cs.LG2026

QuRL: Efficient Reinforcement Learning with Quantized Rollout

Yuhang Li, Reena Elangovan, Xin Dong +2

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has become a trending paradigm for training reasoning large language models (LLMs). However, due to the autoregressive decodin…

cs.CL2026

GDPO: Group reward-Decoupled Normalization Policy Optimization for Multi-reward RL Optimization

Shih-Yang Liu, Xin Dong, Ximing Lu +10

As language models become increasingly capable, users expect them to provide not only accurate responses but also behaviors aligned with diverse human preferences across a variety…

cs.CR2025

ContextLeak: Auditing Leakage in Private In-Context Learning Methods

Jacob Choi, Shuying Cao, Xingjian Dong +4

In-Context Learning (ICL) has become a standard technique for adapting Large Language Models (LLMs) to specialized tasks by supplying task-specific exemplars within the prompt. How…

cs.CL2025

Efficient-DLM: From Autoregressive to Diffusion Language Models, and Beyond in Speed

Yonggan Fu, Lexington Whalen, Zhifan Ye +11

Diffusion language models (dLMs) have emerged as a promising paradigm that enables parallel, non-autoregressive generation, but their learning efficiency lags behind that of autore…

cs.CL2025

ToolOrchestra: Elevating Intelligence via Efficient Model and Tool Orchestration

Hongjin Su, Shizhe Diao, Ximing Lu +13

Large language models are powerful generalists, yet solving deep and complex problems such as those of the Humanity's Last Exam (HLE) remains both conceptually challenging and comp…

cs.LG2025

Nemotron-Flash: Towards Latency-Optimal Hybrid Small Language Models

Yonggan Fu, Xin Dong, Shizhe Diao +12

Efficient deployment of small language models (SLMs) is essential for numerous real-world applications with stringent latency constraints. While previous work on SLM design has pri…

cs.CL2025

TiDAR: Think in Diffusion, Talk in Autoregression

Jingyu Liu, Xin Dong, Zhifan Ye +6

Diffusion language models hold the promise of fast parallel generation, while autoregressive (AR) models typically excel in quality due to their causal structure aligning naturally…

cs.LG2025

DLER: Doing Length pEnalty Right - Incentivizing More Intelligence per Token via Reinforcement Learning

Shih-Yang Liu, Xin Dong, Ximing Lu +9

Reasoning language models such as OpenAI-o1, DeepSeek-R1, and Qwen achieve strong performance via extended chains of thought but often generate unnecessarily long outputs. Maximizi…

cs.CL2025

NVIDIA Nemotron Nano 2: An Accurate and Efficient Hybrid Mamba-Transformer Reasoning Model

NVIDIA, :, Aarti Basant +214

We introduce Nemotron-Nano-9B-v2, a hybrid Mamba-Transformer language model designed to increase throughput for reasoning workloads while achieving state-of-the-art accuracy compar…

cs.LG2025

LaCache: Ladder-Shaped KV Caching for Efficient Long-Context Modeling of Large Language Models

Dachuan Shi, Yonggan Fu, Xiangchi Yuan +8

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have spurred interest in numerous applications requiring robust long-range capabilities, essential for processing extensive inpu…

cs.AI2025

ACEvo: Adversarial Co-Evolution of Problem Distributions and Solvers for Combinatorial Optimization

Ruibo Duan, Yuxin Liu, Haoran Ye +3

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to synthesize heuristic programs, yet most existing pipelines optimize solvers against fixed benchmark distributions. This static…

cs.AI2025★ 15 cited

Small Language Models are the Future of Agentic AI

Peter Belcak, Greg Heinrich, Shizhe Diao +5

Large language models (LLMs) are often praised for exhibiting near-human performance on a wide range of tasks and valued for their ability to hold a general conversation. The rise…

cs.AI2025

Reasoning Like an Economist: Post-Training on Economic Problems Induces Strategic Generalization in LLMs

Yufa Zhou, Shaobo Wang, Xingyu Dong +7

Directly training Large Language Models (LLMs) for Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) remains challenging due to intricate reward modeling, dynamic agent interactions, and demanding general…

cs.CL2025

ProRL: Prolonged Reinforcement Learning Expands Reasoning Boundaries in Large Language Models

Mingjie Liu, Shizhe Diao, Ximing Lu +5

Recent advances in reasoning-centric language models have highlighted reinforcement learning (RL) as a promising method for aligning models with verifiable rewards. However, it rem…

cs.CL2025

LongMamba: Enhancing Mamba's Long Context Capabilities via Training-Free Receptive Field Enlargement

Zhifan Ye, Kejing Xia, Yonggan Fu +7

State space models (SSMs) have emerged as an efficient alternative to Transformer models for language modeling, offering linear computational complexity and constant memory usage a…

cs.CL2025

Nemotron-CLIMB: CLustering-based Iterative Data Mixture Bootstrapping for Language Model Pre-training

Shizhe Diao, Yu Yang, Yonggan Fu +11

Pre-training datasets are typically collected from web content and lack inherent domain divisions. For instance, widely used datasets like Common Crawl do not include explicit doma…

cs.CL2024★ 2 cited

Hymba: A Hybrid-head Architecture for Small Language Models

Xin Dong, Yonggan Fu, Shizhe Diao +10

We propose Hymba, a family of small language models featuring a hybrid-head parallel architecture that integrates transformer attention mechanisms with state space models (SSMs) fo…

cs.LG2024

A deeper look at depth pruning of LLMs

Shoaib Ahmed Siddiqui, Xin Dong, Greg Heinrich +4

Large Language Models (LLMs) are not only resource-intensive to train but even more costly to deploy in production. Therefore, recent work has attempted to prune blocks of LLMs bas…

cs.LG2024

Out-of-Distribution Detection through Soft Clustering with Non-Negative Kernel Regression

Aryan Gulati, Xingjian Dong, Carlos Hurtado +3

As language models become more general purpose, increased attention needs to be paid to detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) instances, i.e., those not belonging to any of the distr…